When you think of ancient civilizations and their canine companions, the image of a sleek, hairless dog might not be the first to come to mind. Yet, the Xoloitzcuintli, often affectionately called the Xolo, has been a cherished part of Mexican heritage for over 3,000 years. This unique breed, with its striking appearance and rich history, continues to captivate dog enthusiasts around the world.
Pronounced "show-low-eats-QUEENT-lee," the Xoloitzcuintli is one of the oldest and rarest dog breeds. Its name derives from the Aztec god Xolotl and the Nahuatl word "itzcuintli," meaning dog. Historically, these dogs were believed to guide souls to the afterlife and were often found in ancient Mesoamerican tombs. Today, they are recognized as the national dog of Mexico and have gained popularity worldwide.
Breed Overview: Ancient Roots, Modern Appeal
Available in three sizes—toy, miniature, and standard—the Xoloitzcuintli ranges from a compact 10 pounds to a sturdy 55 pounds. Their versatility makes them suitable for apartment living or larger homes. They come in two coat types: hairless, with smooth and tough skin, and coated, featuring a short, sleek coat. Despite their bare skin, Xolos are not hypoallergenic, as allergens are primarily found in their saliva rather than their fur.
This breed’s distinct look includes expressive almond-shaped eyes, large upright ears, and an elegant build. Their alert posture and dignified gait often draw attention during walks, and their exotic appearance reflects their storied heritage.
Temperament: Loyal and Protective
The Xoloitzcuintli is known for being calm, loving, and incredibly loyal. They form deep bonds with their humans and are often described as "velcro dogs" due to their desire to stay close. While naturally wary of strangers, they are not aggressive without provocation and tend to warm up with proper socialization.
Xolos thrive in environments where they are treated as part of the family. They're intelligent and observant, making them excellent watchdogs. However, they also crave companionship, so they are not well-suited to households where they’ll be left alone for long hours.
Training: Smart but Stubborn
Training a Xolo can be a fulfilling experience for the right owner. They respond well to positive reinforcement and consistency. While they are eager to please, they can also be independent thinkers, requiring patience and creativity during training sessions.
Early socialization and obedience training are essential to prevent over-protectiveness and to ensure they become well-mannered adults. With the right structure, Xolos can excel in agility, rally, and even therapy work.
Health and Grooming: Skincare Over Furcare
One of the breed’s most distinct traits—their hairlessness—requires special attention. Their skin needs regular cleaning to prevent acne or clogged pores. Use gentle dog-safe cleansers, and avoid over-bathing, which can cause dryness. When spending time outdoors, apply dog-safe sunscreen to avoid sunburns.
Dental health is another critical area. Many Xolos are prone to early tooth loss, especially in the toy and miniature varieties. Calming Wellness Pops or Love Nuggets can serve as soft, teeth-friendly rewards during training. Regular brushing and professional cleanings help prevent long-term issues.
Some Xolos may benefit from joint supplements as they age. For targeted joint care, the Hip & Joint Pops are a smart and tasty option, especially for older or more active Xolos.
Daily Life: A Quiet, Elegant Companion
Despite their regal history, Xolos are down-to-earth companions. They enjoy quiet time indoors and are generally calm and unobtrusive. Daily walks and gentle play sessions are enough to keep them fit and mentally stimulated.
For enrichment, consider using the LickMat—a textured mat that encourages licking and self-soothing. It's excellent for Xolos who may suffer from separation anxiety or need distraction during grooming sessions. You can pair it with calming spreads or freeze it with healthy treats using the Pupsicle Treat Tray.
Rather than using a mealtime additive like LickMix, which is more appropriate for Pupsicle-style enrichment, focus on products that encourage mental engagement and calm behaviors throughout the day.
Fun Facts & Cultural Legacy
- Xolos were featured prominently in ancient Aztec, Toltec, and Maya art.
- Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera famously kept Xolos as pets.
- The breed appeared in the Pixar film *Coco* as Dante, symbolizing the connection between life and the afterlife.
- Xolos are registered with the AKC in the Non-Sporting Group.
The Final Bark
Owning a Xoloitzcuintli is like living with a piece of history—a quiet, watchful, affectionate soul who seems to understand more than they let on. They aren’t for everyone, but for those who appreciate their low-maintenance grooming needs, calm demeanor, and profound connection, the Xolo is an unforgettable companion.
Support your Xolo’s health and happiness with trusted products from Woof. Explore our LickMat & LickMix Collection, the Wellness Collection, or our best-selling Pupsicle Collection to find enrichment tools and wellness supplements your ancient companion will love.
